The reason why WLD occurs isn’t fully known, but anaerobic bacteria and fungi alongside poor foot hygiene play an important role in the development of the disease. Treatment involves rest and careful observation to prevent secondary infections. (Back to the top), An abnormally shaped upright foot can be caused by congenital or acquired deformities of the deep digital flexor tendon. Low sugar grass hay (NSC content of 12% or less) should be the basis of their diet. Pancreatitis – very serious inflammation of the pancreas. If a donkey resident does have EMS, you will want to limit sugars and starches in their diet. Maintaining good foot hygiene and regular foot care will help to prevent the occurrence of WLD. Be sure to check for these three parasites every time you conduct a donkey health checkup! Like most animals, donkeys can become prone to arthritis as they get older. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is a neurological condition affecting donkeys and other equines. Some cataracts are congenital, while others are acquired. The new growth pushes the damaged … As a preventative measure, you should have a lab perform a fecal test on donkeys every three months to ensure that they are not facing a dangerous parasitic infection and have appropriate treatment policies in place for infected donkeys. There are annual rabies vaccinations to protect donkey residents from this disease. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. The healing donkey should be kept on clean, dry ground until fully recovered. Hyperlipaemia is a potentially life-threatening condition that is not uncommon in donkeys. Some studies show a correlation between donkeys eating extra cereal grain and developing ulcers. Rich food, particularly those that are high in starch and sugar, can cause laminitis and colic, Check troughs at least daily: Self-fill auto-waterers can become blocked, water supply can fail, Clean any contaminated water containers, as donkeys will not drink dirty water, Check that water is not frozen or too cold. B Gone White Line Treatment is the only solution endorsed by professional farriers to stop white line disease (WLD) in its tracks. Isolate any sick donkeys or horses and disinfect their environment. B Gone White Line Treatment works by stopping pathogens from further damaging healthy hoof wall tissue. (Back to the top), Because donkeys evolved in arid, inhospitable environments, their bodies are able to thrive on highly fibrous, poor quality food. Symptoms include less motion, laying down more often, weight loss, shabby coat, strange gait, and swollen joints. In these cases it is vital that all the affected horn is removed to ensure the acrylic material bonds to healthy horn. Exposure is necessary to minimize the chance of infection. Internal Parasites – Large Strongyles, Small Strongyles, Roundworms, Pinworms, and Tapeworms, An example of accesses of the internal organs is Strangles, an infection caused by. Sarcoids can be found on any part of the body but they are most common around the head, eyes, groin, midline, and, axilla (underarms). An abnormally shaped upright foot can be caused by congenital or acquired deformities of the deep digital flexor tendon. By conducting regular full body health examinations, you’ll be able to know what healthy looks and feels (and smells!) Copper sulfate is being used here by Mequon, Wis., farrier Red Renchin Among the most common problems farriers deal with are thrush and white line disease. West Nile Virus is a zoonotic disease that affects the brain. However, corticosteroids are likely to worsen the symptoms. (Back to the top). Avoid moldy food, Always soak sugar beet to the manufacturer’s recommendations, Ensure regular feeding: small amounts and often, especially if the animal is supposed to be eating extra calories, Avoid access to too much rich spring grass, which can lead to problems with laminitis and colic, Avoid access to grain and other rich food. Pigeon fever is an infectious disease affecting donkeys and horses. It is caused by the protozoa. NSAIDs can be used to encourage relaxation of the tendons. Arthritis can also be caused by injury, infection, malnutrition, and a lack of space to move freely. Some facts on donkey feet.-They grow as much as a horses hoof and need the same regular hoof care. like, and when you should be concerned. Very high temperature, which lasts for 1-3 days, Frequent harsh, dry coughing that can last for several weeks, Clear, watery nasal discharge that may become thick and yellow or green, Clear discharge from the eyes and redness around eyes. Special care should be taken with older, younger or ill donkeys. You may also observe swelling, heat, and pain at the coronary band if there is an infection. Symptoms can include stumbling, falling, weakness, muscle stiffness and tightness, muscle atrophy, and localized sweating. As the white line joins the hard capsule of wall horn with the relatively flexible sole horn, it has to withstand considerable physical tensions. White line disease in donkeys and mules. If a donkey has experienced chronic limb pain while a hoof abscess has been treated, the disuse of the limb may cause the tendon to contract, pulling the pedal bone into a more upright position. Both testicles should be located within the scrotum when the male foal is born, although some surgeons advise waiting at least 18 months prior to cryptorchid surgery to allow ample time for the cryptorchid testicle to descend. Hyperlipaemia is a serious condition caused by too much fat in the blood. You may notice a donkey frequently attempting to urinate or notice blood in their urine. Change bedding frequently, avoiding humidity and accumulation of faeces and urine, especially in wet seasons. It is possible to treat a small separation by flushing and bandaging the area, and administering antibiotics and NSAIDs. Bacterial infections and trauma to the eye can also cause conjunctivitis. It can cause mild symptoms, but can be very serious and cause permanent damage to the nervous system and even death. The heart rate of a donkey with colic is often increased above their average normal of about 44 beats-per-minute. (Back to the top). It is important to seek veterinary treatment if a donkey resident has Equine Flu as it weakens their immune system, making them vulnerable to secondary infections. However, the Coggins test can help diagnose and control the disease. Steroid treatment can help alleviate itching and inflammation. Dished hooves, which are the result of unequal rates of hoof growth (the heels grow at a faster rate than the rest of the hoof, resulting in an "Aladdin-slipper" appearance). Luckily, lesions are rarely painful, but care must be taken to ensure the hoof stays free of foreign objects and organisms. Common organisms involved in these issues are. The “stoic” nature of a donkey may mean the only signs of colic you observe are “dullness” and an unwillingness to eat. There are many products on the market to … Arrange for your farrier to check and trim the feet every six to ten weeks depending on the amount of exercise/wear, the age of the donkey and/or the presence of hoof pathology. They make apply a poultice to draw out the abscess to the surface. (Back to the top). However, it has been reported that disease progression is more severe in donkeys, and these usually require antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment . The picture on the left shows a laminitic hoof that has suffeed from pedal bone rotation. Sarcoids are common skin tumors and can be problematic to treat. These progress to white or grey opacity, preventing light from being reflected from the retina. The white line area can become crumbly. Donkeys are more prone to EMS than horses. It is important to begin treatment as soon as possible. Over time, the bursa may rupture and have an infectious looking discharge. It has also been reported in southern Canada, Mexico, and several countries in Central and South America. The etiology of white line disease (WLD) in sheep is unknown, but seems unlikely to be infectious [12,44]. (Back to the top), A cataract is an increased density or opacity of an eye’s lens, reducing the transmission of light to the retina. Unfortunately for the humans looking out for them, donkeys don’t tend to show any signs that they’re sick until it can’t be hidden any longer, usually resulting in much more intensive treatment than an early diagnosis would have led to. There is also a possibility that obesity predisposes to PPID, but this has not been confirmed. It can infect any equid, and some donkeys may not show any symptoms but can still be a source of infection for other animals. Treatment includes the use of anti-coccidial agents, such as ponazuril, and NSAIDs. There is an annual vaccination for donkeys. It is important to take small changes in behavior very seriously with donkeys. To treat, shave or clip the affected area, apply diluted antiseptic, and leave the afflicted area open to the air to dry. After an abscess ruptures, the wound may continue to leak pus and become a chronic sore. Because PPID also affect body fat and muscle, a donkey may present with a “potbelly” and lethargy. Contact your veterinarian for the best course of action. Donkeys are at an increased risk of developing laminitis. There is a 7-45 day incubation period before signs of the disease are observed. Because donkeys evolved in arid, inhospitable environments, their bodies are able to thrive on highly fibrous, poor quality food. Donkey with White Line Disease This is because consistency is key in treating any infection and Banixx is so straightforward to use – it makes it much easier to “stick with the treatment program”. Call a veterinarian to discuss the symptoms and proper course of treatment. Squeeze it right into the area of … A single testicle should never be removed if the other cannot be located; the animal may remain fertile and this could lead to serious welfare implications if mares and jennies are impregnated. They will likely perform a complete physical examination and bloodwork. horn, laminitis and white line separation and disease. Make extra sure that their environment is as arthritis-friendly as can be, minimizing steep grades or long walks to food or water if you can! Affected donkeys typically do not give this disease to other animals or humans, but it can be spread by. Mike Wildenstein, certified journeyman farrier and Fellow of the Worshipful Company of Farriers of Great Britain, did his fellowship thesis on white line disease. Talk to your veterinarian about the best options for future treatment, as the type of treatment will vary depending on the location, depth, and infection status of the crack. Toe abscesses are common, so protect the donkey’s toe region from over wear. When a UTI has spread to the kidneys it is called pyelonephritis. Banixx carries the following benefits: This may heal over, leaving a scab, or it may continue to drain for many days. When the bursa is fistulated or draining, most treatments include removing any involved tissues and flushing the area with dilute betadine or other solutions. Tetanus can be prevented by annual vaccinations. the severity does seem to increase with age. Be sure to change diets gradually, as immediate changes can cause other health issues to arise. If it is treated very early on with antibiotics, it is possible for donkeys to survive. White line disease (Photo: Marike Haase) Ensure the donkey receives plenty of fluids and call a veterinarian in order to diagnose and administer proper treatment to the donkey resident. Avoid grease or similar products as they reduce horn oxygenation and can create an environment that encourages proliferation of horn digesting microbes. Hand walking or otherwise encouraging the donkey to walk is important. Donkey&Mule Info Nutrition/Management Behavior/Tack Management Breeding/Reproduction Blood Chemistry/Disease Stories/Articles The Donkey Sanctuary Articles Ask your mule or donkey question; Shop Membership Online Mule/Donkey Registration LEVA/SSA There are many cause of conjunctivitis, ranging from viral disease to fungal infections. It’s important to be familiar with the behaviors of each resident donkey so you can quickly notice when something doesn’t seem right. If you take in a donkey with severely overgrown hooves, you should get a radiograph to ascertain whether bone changes have occurred within the hoof. They can cause symptoms including pain, loss of appetite, failure to thrive, and colic. Luckily, there is an annual vaccination that can prevent WNV. Cryptorchidism is a condition where one or both testes fails to descend from the abdomen into the scrotal sac. Please consider supporting The Open Sanctuary Project by making a donation today! Ask them to take a sample of the pus to discover the type of bacteria causing the infection and dictate the type of antibiotics, if any, are required. Donkeys are generally more stoic in nature, and may only exhibit the smallest behavioral changes in response to an uncomfortable or painful feeling. This obscures the structures behind the lens. In addition to a low carb and sugar diet, donkeys with EMS will need daily exercise. Horses who live with donkeys can also contract lungworms and develop respiratory issues, such as bronchitis, but are unlikely to pass the infection to another horse. Isolate any sick donkeys or horses. It’s important to identify the cause before further treatment, as it will alter the course of treatment. There are many factors that might cause ulcers to develop, including age, sex, temperament, exercise intensity, intermittent versus continuous feeding, stall confinement, high concentrate diets, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, parasites (, Severe febrile diseases (diseases causing prolonged, high fevers), Administering corticosteroids to a laminitic patient (iatrogenic). It affects the sensitive and insensitive tissues in the foot that support the pedal bone. After handling infected animals, wash your hands, clean and disinfect your boots, and change clothes. However, you would be mistaken. You might see a donkey stretch themselves out in a standing position if they are extremely uncomfortable. REGULAR VISITS FROM A GOOD FARRIER and chlorine bleach. Be sure to wash your hands, clean and disinfect your boots, wear latex or plastic gloves, and change clothes between handling quarantined donkeys and other donkey residents. This condition can be caused by traumatic injuries or infectious agents. Although sarcoids are benign, they can can grow and become infected. Many donkeys will not drink very cold water; take the chill off the water in cold weather, Consider offering several sources of water, Ensure donkeys cannot access such material, Watch out for donkeys eating their bedding, eg when box-rested under veterinary instruction, Consider changing the bedding to something less palatable, such as wood shavings, Cardboard or paper bedding is not recommended for donkeys, Know about the poisonous plants and trees that could be present at your sanctuary and prevent your residents from accessing them, Check pasture and boundary fences and hedgerows frequently and remove them or fence off the problem area, Fence off trees during fruiting to prevent overeating, Sandy soil: Avoid grazing on sandy soil pasture if possible. A cataract is an increased density or opacity of an eye’s lens, reducing the transmission of light to the retina. The laminitic foot may require more frequent trimming and radiographs for monitoring. There are annual or semi-annual vaccinations available against EEE and WEE. White line disease is treated by debriding the area, exposing the fungus and bacteria to air when oxygen is its worst enemy. These progress to white or grey opacity, preventing light from being reflected from the retina. Applied daily, twice daily is better. Fistulous withers is a condition found in horses and donkeys where the supraspinous bursa (located near the withers) becomes inflamed. Diets high in concentrates, fruits, and lush grass can cause issues. Horses may not even need time off if there is no severe damage to the hoof wall. A veterinarian may prescribe pain medicine and give recommendations for trimming the hoof. (Back to the top). The disease is more correctly termed ‘Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID).’. 1, A–C).3 When observed from the solar surface, this white line or zona alba is actually yellow in color and is different in consistency than the dorsal hoof wall. Steroid treatment can help alleviate itching and inflammation. Grass cracks start at the bottom of the hoof and crack upwards, while sand cracks start at the coronary band and crack downwards. Laminitis may develop gradually, with the only sign being laminitis rings on the hooves, or it could be associated with seasonal turnout to pasture, and present as severe recurrent painful laminitis. The more a farrier tries to patch or cover up the damage, the wetter and darker the environment becomes for the fungi, and they just get happier and more aggressive. Sometimes hospitalization and/or surgery may be required. In severe cases, your farrier should work with a veterinarian to make sure that the work does not cause any instability to the hoof. It’s important to identify the cause before further treatment, as it will alter the course of treatment. Only specialized surgery can potentially fix the issue. Hand walking or otherwise encouraging the donkey to walk is important. Make sure you dispose of any material that comes into contact with them as hazardous material. Aging donkeys may also develop senile cataracts. Mites, on the other hand, burrow under the skin and cannot be seen. The Donkey Sanctuary is a charity that will never turn away from a donkey in need. This ultimately causes increased quantities of hormones to be released from the gland. Acquired causes of cataracts can be caused by trauma or ocular disease, UV light, toxin ingestion, and ionizing radiation. You might see a donkey stretch themselves out in a standing position if they are extremely uncomfortable. The treatment is to remove all dead and discolored material so new healthy horn can grow down. Exposure is necessary to minimize the chance of infection. Hyperlipemia results from a negative energy balance when fat reserves are mobilized and sent to the liver to be converted to glucose for energy. Worms – migrating worm larvae or large numbers of worms causing an obstruction: Ensure regular fecal worm egg counts are carried out to determine if donkeys require treating for worms. They may also need a multi-vitamin/mineral supplement, on a veterinarian’s recommendation. Dropped soles or flat feet. Complete hoof avulsions have a poor prognosis. Identifying the underlying cause and treating it is the best course of action. Equine Flu is a contagious viral respiratory disease caused by various strains of the Influenza virus. (Back to the top). Treatment for arthritis differs depending on the root cause, so if you believe that a donkey is suffering from arthritis, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. As you can imagine, this can cause severe pain and lameness, as well as infections and inflammation of the bone. These tensions and brusings are increased with turning and pushing behaviour on hard surfaces, especially if there are or sharp stones in the environment. It is also referred to as “seedy toe”. Antibiotics are also often given to help prevent additional infections. Much of the time these remedies will stop the progress of the disease. If a donkey has any open wound and has not been vaccinated for Tetanus, they could become seriously ill or die if that bacteria enters the bloodstream. 6 weeks they are due, 8 weeks they are overdue and anything longer than that needs immediate care.-Donkeys are desert … Sarcoids can be found on any part of the body but they are most common around the head, eyes, groin, midline, and, axilla (underarms). There are several species of mites that affect donkeys, Signs of mite infestations are severe itching, possibly causing the donkey to rub against objects, stamp their feet, or bite at themselves. 15 Facts On Donkey Health | The Horse.com, Lungworms In Donkeys And Horses | Stable Management, Equine Infectious Anemia: What to Know | NC State Veterinary Medicine, Diseases That Affect Horses, Ponies, Mules, And Donkeys | National Center For Foreign Animal And Zoonotic Disease Defense, Equine Brucellosis: Review On Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Signs, Prevention And Control | Journal Of Experimental Biology And Agricultural Sciences, Gastric Ulcer Syndrome In Donkeys | Revue De Medecine Veterinaire, West Nile Virus And Horses | Mosquito Control, Encephalomyelitis "EEE (Eastern equine encephalomyelitis), WEE (Western equine encephalomyelitis) and VEE (Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis)", Equine Infectious Anemia “Swamp Fever”, Pastern And Heel Dermatitis ('Mud Fever'), Pigeon Fever (Dryland Heaves or Dryland Strangles), External Parasites ( Lice, Mites, and Ticks), Pastern And Heel Dermatitis (‘Mud Fever’), Techniques And Practices Necessary For Responsible Donkey Care, Encephalomyelitis “EEE (Eastern equine encephalomyelitis), WEE (Western equine encephalomyelitis) and VEE (Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis)”, Itching, resulting in self-trauma and bleeding, Purulent discharge (yellow, thick and often foul-smelling), Development of nodules (“grapes”) of inflamed tissue in particularly severe and chronic cases. (Back to the top). It can affect any of the four feet and recurrence is common. (Back to the top). If you suspect a donkey is suffering from anthrax, you must contact your veterinarian immediately. If a donkey is found to have PPID, there are long-term treatment options available. Healthy foot (left) and foot with white line disease (right). Consult your, Pick up manure from the paddock a minimum of twice per week, Reduce stress and ensure you ‘trickle feed’ the donkey. Photosensitisation/Sunburn associated with liver disease or certain plants, Immune-mediated disease of the blood vessels, Abscesses, sores, and/or draining pus along the midline. A donkey that has tetanus or lockjaw will die unless it receives an antitoxin injections within 24 hours of the injury. Common signs of fistulous withers are swelling, pain, and heat, but can also include fever, lethargy and stiffness. It could also develop into a more serious respiratory disorder if left untreated. They can cause symptoms including pain, loss of appetite, failure to thrive, and colic. Although sarcoids are benign, they can can grow and become infected. It may present with external abscesses, limb infections, or internal infections. A single testicle should never be removed if the other cannot be located; the animal may remain fertile and this could lead to serious welfare implications if mares and jennies are impregnated. (Back to the top). If a source includes the (Non-Compassionate Source) tag, it means that we do not endorse that particular source’s views about animals, even if some of their insights are valuable from a care perspective. The conjunctiva includes the inner eyelid and surrounding membrane. All of our UK sanctuaries are temporarily closed until further notice. See our FAQs. An example of accesses of the internal organs is Strangles, an infection caused by Streptococcus equi that causes abscesses in the lymph nodes below the ear and under the throat, as well as in the internal organs. White line disease (WLD) is a definite misnomer. The treatment used is a drug called Pergolide. Affected donkeys typically do not give this disease to other animals or humans, but it can be spread by cows, goats, wild pigs, sheep, deer, and related animals to horses, donkeys, and humans. Then trim the hair around the abscess, disinfect the surface with an antiseptic, and make a low, small, vertical incision with a sharp and sterilized knife. Together with sole ulcers, white line disease commonly affects one or both lateral hind claws, predominantly in heavy, high-yielding dairy cattle kept under confined conditions. Brucellosis in equines is characterized by two conditions, namely Poll evil and fistulous withers: A horse’s poll is the area at the top of the head between the ears and running down the back of the neck. (Back to the top). On occasion, a crack may run the full length of the hoof. They may also put the donkey onto a ‘drip’ (fluid introduction via the large vein in the neck) and prescribe pain-killers and antibiotics when appropriate. Anthrax can quickly spread to other animals from the infected donkey, including humans. This allows the horses’ coronary band, where new hoof wall tissue forms, to grow out at the rate of 1/4" to 5/8” per month. Laminitis is a serious and sadly common disease affecting donkeys. ( blood pockets ) and/or abscesses fungal infections same regular hoof care and lameness, this. To remove dirt or a foreign object is a possibility that it be... The perineum and legs hay ( NSC content of 12 % or less ) should be taken older! 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